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Dual speeds planned for escalators at MRT stations

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They will run at current average speed at peak hours but slow down during off-peak hours

The Land Transport Authority (LTA) and transport operator SMRT plan to lower the speeds of escalators at train stations, following a recommendation to slow down these escalators to make it safer for senior citizens.

LTA told The Sunday Times on Friday that escalators at stations along the North-South and East- West lines will eventually run at two speeds - at 0.75m per second during peak hours, and a slower speed of 0.5m per second during off-peak hours. Now, the average speed of escalators at train stations here is 0.75m per second.

The dual-speed feature will be implemented during the escalator refurbishment programme, which starts this month. The works will be completed on 233 escalators at 42 of the 54 stations along the two lines by 2021. The feature will be extended, progressively, to station escalators for the North-East, Circle and Downtown lines, said LTA.

The upcoming Thomson-East Coast Line, which is opening in stages from 2019, will also have escalators running at these two speeds.

On Aug 1, a Public Transport Council report was released with recommendations to make rides more comfortable and less daunting for everyone, including families, seniors and wheelchair users. It had sought the views of more than 2,500 commuters.

One of the report's key recommendations was the reduction of escalator speeds at train stations, to give peace of mind to senior citizens who might be intimidated by fast-moving escalators.

SMRT said it has been testing out slower escalator speeds at selected stations since July last year. Replying to queries from The Sunday Times, it said trials were conducted as part of efforts to improve travel experience. SMRT is "evaluating the possibility of reducing the speed of escalators at more MRT stations".

This is on the back of positive feedback on the trial from commuters, who said they felt safer on slower escalators, it said.

However, SMRT did not reveal how many stations were involved in the trials and their locations.

LTA said it has been studying the issue of escalator speeds "for some time". "We have worked with SMRT to trial reduced escalator speeds at selected stations."

It said the current escalator speed is comparable to that adopted by overseas rail systems such as Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway and the London Underground. Generally, escalators at train stations move slightly faster than those elsewhere, to facilitate commuter flow.

Transport experts said there are benefits in reducing escalator speeds. It would ensure the safety of groups such as the elderly and the young, said Dr Lee Der Horng, a transport researcher at the National University of Singapore (NUS).

Dr Park Byung Joon, senior lecturer in urban transport management at SIM University, explained that speed is a factor in falls on automated moving walkways. "In South Korea, different train lines can be 500m to 600m apart. For this, commuters tend to take travellators. And during peak hours, one or two people will fall at the end," he said.

LTA said that from January to May this year, the number of escalator-related incidents at MRT stations here "remained low" at 0.15 incident per one million riders, while the numbers for 2014 and 2015 were 0.15 and 0.14 respectively.

But there might be some drawbacks to having slower escalators.

"The escalators can now clear fewer people in the same span of time," said Dr Park. But this is not an issue as long as escalator speeds are not slowed during peak hours.

Dr Lee said it is more appropriate to slow down escalators only at certain stations. "For example, there are hospitals at Novena and Outram and, hence, more elderly people (at stations there)," he said.

Several commuters welcomed slower escalators. Said retiree Xie Li Hua, 69: "It is dangerous for elderly people to take the escalators alone. Because of the speed, we might not be able to grab the handrail when getting on. If we fall while on the escalator, we will tumble all the way down."

Mr Zachary Foo, 23, who takes the train to work in the Marina Bay Financial Centre from his home in Sengkang, said the dual-speed feature is a "good middle-ground solution". "It is a good way to not affect the general flow of things, and also allay the fears of people falling on escalators," said the law firm intern.

Mr Sitoh Yih Pin, chairman of the Government Parliamentary Committee for Transport, said the move "would improve overall safety for passengers at train stations", and make stations "more user-friendly for the elderly and young children".

fabkoh@sph.com.sg

Welcome move because of the speed, we might not be able to grab the handrail when getting on. If we fall while on the escalator, we will tumble all the way down. '' - RETIREE XIE LI HUA, 69

BE SELECTIVE

There are hospitals at Novena and Outram and, hence, more elderly people (at stations there). '' DR LEE DER HORNG, a transport researcher at the National University of Singapore, saying that it is more appropriate to slow down escalators only at certain stations.


This article was first published on Aug 7, 2016.
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Thinking Aloud: When I'm 64...what kind of Singapore can I grow old in?

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Changes to the nursing-home model and retirement financing too late for me, but I hope they come in time for younger Singaporeans

As I grow into my late 40s, I find myself ruminating on what kind of Singapore this will be like to live in when I'm old.

Will I have enough to live on? What kind of home can I live in? Will there be support in daily living needs as I grow frail?

As I have no children to count on, will I have to grow old in one of those nursing homes with long rows of beds filled with sad-looking old folks? Or can I age in my own home, or my own room, among friendly people?

Last week, two issues in the news sparked both despair and hope in this area. First, hope.

After dismissing as unsustainable a care model that would let elderly people live in home-like settings in single- and twin-bedded rooms, clustered around a dining and kitchen area, the Ministry of Health (MOH) has relented somewhat.

The Lien Foundation had proposed this kind of care home last year for an existing facility, but aborted the subject when MOH refused to provide it with the usual subsidies for eldercare patients, saying it would be financially unsustainable to provide subsidies for patients living in rooms that are "designed to proxy private or A-class ward configurations such as single- or double-bedded rooms only."

Most nursing homes today have dormitory-style beds in institutionalised settings.

The Lien Foundation and the Khoo Chwee Neo Foundation got research consulting agency Oliver Wyman to research on the costs. Its consultant, Dr Jeremy Lim, wrote: "Transitioning the 5,000 nursing- home beds in the pipeline to a Jade Circle-type model would cost Singapore an additional $8 to $13 per nursing home resident per day or less than $20 million a year in total."

MOH has since said it will study the report and work with Lien Foundation. It also stressed that it "appreciates the aspiration for our seniors to age in more homely environments that provide dignified and enabling care" and would "work with providers to explore new models of care that give residents greater independence and autonomy".

I am rooting for the Lien Foundation and its partners to convince MOH to widen its fiscal horizons, and include home-like nursing homes within its funding formula.

Then, when I'm 64, perhaps I can start my "young old" days in a Housing Board flat near coffee shops and amenities. As I age and need more care, I hope to have access to home-care assistants, or nursing help, or doctor's visits, or meals in a communal dining area so I don't have to cook for myself.

As I get more frail, and advance into my "old old" age, I hope to move into a nursing home in the same block or nearby, living out my last days in a single- or twin-bedded room, decorated the way I like it, with my favourite objects around, and elderly friends nearby.

But while the Lien Foundation's advocacy gives me hope for change, I'm not holding my breath.

What I find frustrating whenever we discuss ageing issues is that there has been so much talk over the last 20 years, and not enough action.

In the 1990s, a slew of reports suggested changes to housing options, and to financing. There was much talk of sheltered housing - that lets people age in home-like surroundings, with supports for medical and living needs nearby.

In 1997, The Straits Times did a survey that I reported on. It found that four in 10 worry about housing for their old age. One-third of those with children do not want to live with them when old. Thirty-eight per cent said they could live in a retirement block within an HDB estate; 27 per cent would consider commercial retirement homes; and 14 per cent would consider a nursing home.

Even back then, 19 years ago, the nursing-home option was the choice of a mere 14 per cent. Yet, for most frail elderly that can't hire a full-time caregiver at home, that remains the only viable option today.

Singapore, in other words, hasn't moved much when it comes to caring for its frail elderly.

The Oliver Wyman research report on nursing-home economics noted that countries like Japan, that began with dormitory-style institutionalised nursing homes, have moved on to provide residents with more homely settings today. In Singapore, progress has been painfully slow.

I hope nursing-home models will change by the time I need one. I turn 62 in 2030, and will be one of the one million people who will be above 60 in 2030.

One in three of us then is projected to need some form of eldercare service by then.

The window of 14 years between now and 2030 gives me some hope for change to happen in time for when I age.

When it comes to retirement financing, however, 14 years is too short a horizon for those in my age group to benefit from whatever changes may be effected to the status quo.

Last week, a panel advising the Government on Central Provident Fund changes proposed the setting up of a series of passively managed life-cycle funds that CPF members can invest in.

This offers an alternative to their current two choices: the zero-risk, guaranteed return of keeping their monies with CPF; and the wild wild west of using their CPF funds to invest in over 200 approved unit trust and other funds under the CPF Investment Scheme (CPFIS).

Finance professor Benedict Koh (on the CPF advisory panel) wrote in The Straits Times in 2014 that 47 per cent of CPF members who had withdrawn their Ordinary Account (OA) savings to invest in the CPFIS had incurred losses on their investments between 2004 and 2013; 35 per cent realised net profits equal to or less than the default 2.5 per cent per annum OA interest rate; and just 18 per cent generated net profits in excess of the OA interest rate.

In other words, eight in 10 would have been better off, or just as well off, if they had just left their money in the CPF.

What this shows is that most of us don't make very good investment choices with our CPF funds.

This, however, shouldn't lead us to think we're better off just letting the CPF Board handle the money and being content with 2.5 per cent a year.

If one of those passively managed exchange-traded funds was available and we had just left the money there, how would we have fared?

Imagine a fund that tracked the benchmark MSCI World Index. In the last 10 years, this index grew at an annual 5 per cent a year. That's twice the OA interest rate.

How much difference would that make?

If you left $10,000 in your CPF, 10 years later, you would get $12,837. If you had put it with the index fund that generated 5 per cent, you would get $16,487.

The difference of a few thousand dollars may not sound like much. But over 30 years, it can make or break your retirement piggy bank.

Over 30 years, $10,000 at 5 per cent interest compounded monthly swells to $44,677. At the CPF rate of 2.5 per cent, you get just $21,153.

The difference is twofold.

This is the power of compound interest over time.

This is why I despaired when I read that the panel was proposing the setting up of these funds.

Proposals to set up private pension funds/ or privately managed pension funds / or private pension plans have been around since the mid-1990s. The exact nomenclature changes depending on the mood of the times and the specific suggestion, but the idea is of low-cost funds that are cheaper to run than retail unit trusts, and that offer investors a few, carefully selected, choices that match their life cycle and risk profiles.

Each time, some committee or other would recommend it, there would be lots of talk, it would be studied - then, nothing.

And after over 20 years of talk, we get another proposal. It will take a few years to study this, and another few more to operationalise this. If it even gets beyond the "study" stage.

I know retirement financing is serious business, affecting people's lives. It takes leaders with confidence and conviction to propose changes. No politician will want to get flak when the market turns, and returns dip. Citizens too will also have to understand the risks and returns, and not blame the Government if they make poor decisions. So time for considered study is important.

But each delay in action means another cohort of Singaporean workers are growing old with safe, but low returns on their CPF funds.

Each cycle of talk-explore- no-action means another generation of average workers will lead harder lives in old age.

Will this time prove different? For the sake of younger Singaporeans, I sincerely hope so.

For myself, and those of my age group, it is too late. I have seven years before I hit 55, when my Retirement Account in CPF is due to start. That is barely time to operationalise the proposal, let alone to enjoy the compounded interest that may come with higher-yield funds.

My mind goes back to the lyrics of the Beatles song When I'm 64: "Will you still need me, will you still feed me, when I'm 64?"

What I'd really like to say, though, is this: "Will you heed me, will you change for me, before I'm 64?"

I won't hold my breath for myself.

But I hope today's generation of decision-makers will take action on retirement financing, so that younger Singaporeans just building up their CPF nest eggs today will benefit from their decisive action this decade.

muihoong@sph.com.sg

Opinion Editor

Even back then, 19 years ago, the nursing-home option was the choice of a mere 14 per cent. Yet, for most frail elderly that can't hire a full-time caregiver at home, that remains the only viable option today. Singapore, in other words, hasn't moved much when it comes to caring for its frail elderly.


This article was first published on Aug 7, 2016.
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It Changed My Life: Eileen Harrop: Teacher, consultant, prison governor... and now priest

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Mrs Eileen Harrop has had jobs as a teacher, consultant, prison governor... and now, priest

Mrs Eileen Harrop is the vicar of Gainford, the rector of Winston and an associate minister in Bishop Auckland. The first two are quaint villages, and the third, a picturesque market town, in north-east England.

This may not sound unusual in a country where women are ordained, except that Mrs Harrop is a Chinese woman from Singapore, an alumna of Methodist Girls' School (MGS) and National Junior College (NJC).

What makes Mrs Harrop - whose maiden name is Chew - even more intriguing is her background. Before becoming a priest four years ago, she was, at different times, a teacher, globetrotting management consultant, entrepreneur as well as governor of a maximum-security prison.

While she admits it is bizarre, the 57-year-old also believes her career trajectory has been shaped by divine guidance.

Blessed with a kindly demeanour and a soothing voice, she boasts an illustrious ancestry of doctors, entrepreneurs and Christian pioneers.

One of four children of doctor parents, she has an identical twin sister. Her father is Dr Chew Chin Hin, the only local doctor conferred the Mastership in the American College of Physicians for his contribution to medicine in Singapore.

"My paternal grandfather Benjamin Chew was also a doctor, he was the first to administer penicillin in Singapore and helped to found Sata," she says, referring to the Singapore Anti-Tuberculosis Association.

Her childhood, she says, was sheltered and privileged; her early years were spent in her grandparents' sprawling home fronting the sea in St Patrick's Road in the East Coast.

Although her recollections of him are vague, one person who left a big impact on her life is her great-grandfather Oh Ghee Choo.

"He and his family escaped from China by boat but he was orphaned when his whole family perished in the sea. Someone grabbed his pigtail and fished him out of the water," she says.

Then seven or eight years old, Mr Oh lived on the streets and made a living selling bouquets made of flowers discarded by a florist. He caught the attention of community leader Song Hoot Kiam - Hoot Kiam Road in River Valley is named after him - who took him in and raised him as his own.

"My great-grandfather made good and was able to start a family which also made good and that's why I'm here. My family has been successful but they wouldn't have what they had in life if not for the Song family," says Mrs Harrop, who was recently in town to celebrate her parents' diamond wedding anniversary.

"That's why my understanding is very different from that of a lot of people when they talk about refugees," she adds.

She attended MGS, where she and her twin were put in different classes, an experience they initially found traumatic.

"My sister is science-orientated, she would look at things and figure out how they operate. I'm the more artistic type, and a thinker. But I was sporty and represented the school in sprints, hurdles and the long jump," she says.

The Science student at National Junior College experienced her first major setback when she failed her A levels.

"Psychologically and mentally, I was broken. I probably had a nervous breakdown. But I chose to return to NJC for another year although it was a huge shame to overcome," says Mrs Harrop, who was secretary of the Students' Council.

She decided to switch to Arts, and opted for a whole new set of subjects, including English Literature.

"I passed. It felt good, and I had offers from many universities."

She settled on Keele University in the United Kingdom because it offered a degree with a concurrent teaching qualification.

Her subject combination, by her own admission, was "strange". Although she initially set out to study English Literature, she ended up majoring in Anglo-Saxon Studies, Old Norse and Old Icelandic.

She also took philosophy, astronomy and music and attended classes in geology as well as nuclear physics.

Upon her return to Singapore in the early 1980s, she became a teacher at Anglo-Chinese School, teaching "everything except Maths and Science".

"I conducted music lessons in the school hall with four classes at the same time... I also helped the students stage a Star Trek musical."

After two years, she returned to the UK and to Keele to get her master's in International Diplomacy. By then, she had married fellow educator Brian Harrop, who she met in her final year as an undergraduate.

In 1989, she returned to Singapore with her husband. A friend told her a hospital was looking for "someone who had educational expertise but also the right personality for corporate work".

She went for it, and bagged the position of head of education and training at Mount Elizabeth and East Shore (now known as Parkway East) hospitals.

"It was time to do something new and I wanted to explore," says Mrs Harrop, who did so well that she became director for education and corporate services. "I have a curiosity for lots of things, how the world works, what people think."

Three years later, she moved to Singapore General Hospital as an administrator, overseeing human resources, information technology, communications and public relations.

It did not take long before a management consultancy, Organisation Dynamics Incorporated (ODI), got her on board as a consultant.

For the next few years, Mrs Harrop - who acquired her skills on the job and from executive management programmes conducted by the likes of the London School of Economics - travelled extensively, advising companies on organisational change.

"I encountered prejudice on only two occasions and that's saying a lot when I had exposure to high-level corporate work," she lets on.

On one occasion, a manager in a foreign company said in front of his colleagues: "She's our consultant? But she's a Singapore girl and the only Singapore girls I know are from that wonderful airline."

In 1996, she became an expatriate when ODI wanted her to be in its UK headquarters.

"They said they couldn't call themselves a leading global organisation if they didn't have a high-level Asian staff member in the UK," she says.

When ODI got sold, she struck out on her own and set up Eileen Harrop Unlimited in 1998 from her home in Oxfordshire. Her husband was then a lecturer at Greenwich University.

One of her clients was Cargolux, a small cargo airline headquartered in Luxembourg with a mixed fleet serving a limited portfolio of customers.

"I was engaged as an independent organisation change and quality consultant to advise the board strategically and organisationally. Within five years of completing the transformation, they had become the largest cargo airline in Europe with an extensive single-type Boeing 747 fleet with a global portfolio," says Mrs Harrop, who spent several days every week in Luxembourg.

By this time, she had become a well-known figure in the Oxfordshire community. A Chinese woman in their midst was rare enough, let alone a high-flying professional one.

The villagers enlisted her help when they wanted to save their local pub, so, naturally, they turned to her too when their priest - who had a drinking problem - fell foul of the law and was suspended.

The church wardens persuaded her to become a lay minister, and later broached the subject of ordainment.

She decided that she needed to better discern if she was hearing a divine call so she and her husband moved to Kent.

The frequent travelling and other professional demands were starting to wear her down so she closed her business in 2007 and started looking for a less strenuous job.

Her job-hunting attempts came to naught.

"They said I was overqualified," she says with a grimace.

Out of the blue, she received an e-mail one day from a job site suggesting that she apply for the post of governor of a high-security prison in Leicestershire.

"I thought it was a joke," she says.

It was not. And that was how she became the governor of the male prison, where all the inmates were on life sentences.

"I was responsible for all staff and systems, quality and performance and regime, how officers organise the life of the prisoners," says Mrs Harrop, who lived in a small cottage she bought in Leicestershire and went home to Kent during the weekends.

The job changed her outlook.

"You think everyone who is a lifer must have such heinous lives. You think they are such terrible people. But many of them were born in difficult circumstances, and came from families broken not necessarily by poverty... If I didn't have the blessings and the privilege, might I have been exploited for the worst of my character? Might I have ended up in a bad way?" she says, adding that one of her roles was to inculcate compassion in her staff for the prison's inmates. Many of them, she says, often broke down when talking to her about their jobs.

Two years later, she left the prison to become a consultant to the local government.

"Someone I was working with in the local government was a consultant to the national government at Westminister and that was how I ended up doing up a workshop for MPs, looking at their personalities and vision and helping them see how all that fitted in with their work."

By then, she had decided ordained life was indeed her calling.

Church officials were initially unsure if she would make a suitable parish priest.

"They said: 'You're not from this country, what do you know of people living in the parish? Sure, some of them love you, but what if we needed to deploy you to other places in England?'"

In the end, however, the Bishop's advisers gave her the green light. Instead of three years, she took just two to complete her degree in theology at Cambridge University.

During this time, she had three ministry attachments, including one at the Holy Trinity Church in Vancouver.

In 2012, she was ordained by the Archbishop of Canterbury, becoming the first Chinese woman from South-east Asia to serve as a church minister. In Hong Kong, women have been ordained as priests for several decades.

Because of her corporate and entrepreneurial background, Mrs Harrop also broke new ground when she was recently designated the "entrepreneur priest" for Durham, assigned to help millionaire philanthropist Jonathan Ruffer on several projects to revitalise the historic city in north-eastern England. These plans include a faith museum, a Christian heritage hub and a gallery.

What she earns now is modest, less than 10 per cent of what she used to rake in as a corporate high-flyer.

Life is no bed of roses. She admits to having experienced some cultural ostracisation and envy from some of her colleagues.

"Some of them have never experienced working life outside the church, or had only one career. I think there's fear that they would not know what to do if I left."

But her parishioners have never discriminated against her.

It helps, she says, that she grew up in multicultural and multifaith Singapore. Her extended family, she says, include Buddhists and Peranakans and those who subscribe to Confucianist values.

"It's a blessing, having grown up with that and understanding that it works. There is prejudice and it's not perfect but you can care about one another, laugh with each other."

With a twinkle in her eye, she adds: "They know I'm an asset. And I am because I am Singaporean."


This article was first published on Aug 7, 2016.
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Me&MyMoney: Stint at marine firm charts his course in life

Beauty queen loves her plus-sized body

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She aims to influence others with image issues through social media

She has been ridiculed by family members over her weight and told as a child that "no one will hire you because you are too fat".

Few of her family and friends would perhaps have imagined that Ms Fiona Tan Si Min would one day be crowned a beauty queen.

Ms Tan, now 29, won such a crown in Latvia in June, beating nine others to be named Ms Top of the World Plus Size 2016.

The experience of the Singaporean, who was the only Asian in the pageant, has highlighted the struggles faced by plus-sized women in Singapore, who are often viewed negatively and are not well represented in the media.

Many plus-sized women in Singapore also struggle with body image issues alone, as there are no local support groups for them.

As Ms Jolene Tan, programmes and senior communications manager at Association of Women for Action and Research (Aware), said: "The media, ads and even our peers and family members bombard young people daily with the message that only thin people have value.

"Criticising someone's weight and appearance even while they are not there, or giving unsolicited 'compliments' on weight, contribute to the pressure."

Ms Fiona Tan's path to the crown has not been easy.

She said: "I had a difficult time from my father during my childhood about weight issues, but I had that desire to prove to him that being plus-sized, I could still be as beautiful and capable as anyone else."

At 21, she made a drastic decision to undergo liposuction in Thailand, which brought her weight down to 72kg.

She regretted it soon after as she felt she had lost part of her personality. She now weighs 102kg, and has fully embraced her curves.

Apart from having trouble shopping for clothes, or finding life partners, plus-sized women often face cutting remarks, even from the people closest to them.

"It's very common in Asia for people to comment on the way we look," she said.

"Most people associate plus- sized people in general as lazy and slow and who don't look after themselves. But let's not play the victim card. Instead of thinking why that person is biased against me, why not be the stronger person and ask, 'How can I improve myself?'" she added.

The makeover stylist and online entrepreneur now hopes to use social media channels such as her Facebook page and YouTube channel to share fashion and grooming tips and, hopefully, influence women who suffer from image issues.

"I thought that taking part (in the pageant) would give me a platform to share what I've been through to be who I am today, and hopefully inspire other plus-sized women," she said.

Observers say the pressure for women to conform to certain beauty ideals can contribute to low self- esteem and affect mental health.

Ms Geraldine Tan, principal psychologist at The Therapy Room, said fat shaming may push women to resort to extreme weight-loss measures like starvation or engaging in overly rigorous exercise.

She added: "Some women may resort to compulsive obsessive exercise regimes.

"Prolonged negative self-perception might also lead to depression, anxiety or eating disorders, as these are all interlinked."

Ms Jade Isabelle Liang, 31, knows all too well how cruel people can be towards those who are big-sized.

"Everybody around me didn't seem to have problems shaming me all the time - friends, family and teachers included," said Ms Liang, who is 1.55m tall and weighed 60kg before her weight loss.

"They liked to pinch my arms and jiggle it, or say things like, 'Wah, your big bag suits your big body, great choice!'" she added.

The blogger started running and dieting in 2012 and lost 16.8kg to weigh just 44kg.

Ms Liang said feeling unhealthy had hardened her resolve to lose weight.

"I felt sluggish and tired all the time. I also had knee problems because of my weight... I felt like I wasn't in the best of health, so I decided to change," she said.

Ms Liang has developed a love for running and managed to maintain her weight since.

For those still struggling with their weight and body image, Ms Fiona Tan would advise them to start loving themselves, as beauty starts from doing so.

She said: "Everyone is born beautiful. You just need to know your strengths, and work on small wins.

"Surround yourself with positive people, people who believe in you and what you do, and when you've gained that confidence, pass it on.

"You never know who you might help and that's the most beautiful act of all - plus-sized or petite."


This article was first published on Aug 7, 2016.
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New hawker centre's prices easy to digest

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A hawker centre that has price caps on some basic dishes in a bid to keep them affordable has generally been welcomed by customers and stall owners. There are also plans to share a similar model across Singapore, if it works out well.

Bukit Panjang Hawker Centre and Market, which was officially opened yesterday, is managed by NTUC Foodfare and is among the first new centres, totalling 20, that the Government said it would build by 2027.

According to a survey conducted with almost 500 nearby households in March by the National Trades Union Congress' social enterprise, residents visit the Bukit Panjang hawker centre "regularly", with 43 per cent going daily.

NTUC Foodfare sets price ceilings for at least two basic dishes at each food stall at the centre, with other prices subject to moderation.

In setting caps for stalls, it referred to Consumers Association of Singapore (Case) surveys of more than 500 hawker stalls around the island. It also had its own survey of eateries in the centre's vicinity.

For example, NTUC Foodfare proposed a $2.50 price cap for a plate of chicken rice after finding out that the dish sold for between $2.50 and $3 near the centre, and between $2 and $4 based on a 2014 Case survey.

NTUC secretary-general Chan Chun Sing said at the Bukit Panjang hawker centre's official opening yesterday: "If this works out well, I think we will go forth and be prepared to take on a greater responsibility to share the same model across the whole of Singapore."

He added that NTUC Foodfare is "building a central kitchen to provide even more affordable, accessible and quality food".

"By putting in place price moderation practices, NTUC Foodfare is able to ensure that good and tasty food is affordable to Singaporeans," he said of the Bukit Panjang hawker centre, which he hopes will become a community hub for residents.

Housewife Lim Siok Hauy, 61, has breakfast there daily with her family and finds the food affordable and the service good.

The stalls are open at least six days a week and 12 hours a day to ensure that there are enough food options for residents in the area.

Besides NTUC Foodfare, a Fei Siong Food Management subsidiary had also been appointed by the National Environment Agency to run Ci Yuan Hawker Centre in Hougang. It is also among the 20 new centres.

Out of the 28 stalls in the Bukit Panjang hawker centre, two are operated by NTUC Foodfare.

They are the drinks stall and food stall Rice Garden, where ComCare cardholders may have a rice meal comprising two vegetable dishes and one meat dish for $1.50.

There are 27 Rice Garden stalls in Singapore, and NTUC Foodfare aims to raise this number to 40 by the end of this year.

Stallholders such as Mr Eric Chiam, 53, owner of NTP Western and Grill, supported the moderation of prices.

Besides benefiting the public, he said, it does not affect his business much and is reasonable, as the price caps are imposed on just two basic dishes.

Others, such as stall assistant Valerie Lee of Beauty World Hakka Handmade Yong Tau Fu, find the concept meaningful.

However, the 44-year-old added: "If rental could be adjusted as well, the burden on stallholders would be lighter."


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Swiber shock: Reforms needed in bond market

North Koreans will soon need visas to visit Singapore

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Two North Korean professors went to Singapore's Nanyang Technological University in 2014, not to teach but to learn.

Mr Pak, in his 50s, and Mr Hyon, in his 30s, lived in hostels and "studied very hard" for their master's in business administration while adjusting to the local food and trying to make sense of Singlish.

They graduated last year and returned to their country "to share and pass on what they have learned", said the Singapore-based non-profit group Choson Exchange that facilitated their course and organises programmes to teach North Koreans about business and entrepreneurship.

About 100 North Koreans have visited Singapore for study trips organised by the group since it started in 2009.

From October, however, these visitors will have to apply for visas before embarking on their trips.

The Immigration & Checkpoints Authority said the move was the result of a periodic review of its visa framework for foreigners with other government agencies, "taking into consideration Singapore's international obligations".

South Korean media and observers have linked these moves to toughened sanctions imposed on North Korea.

The 15-member UN Security Council imposed Resolution 2270 in March in response to Pyongyang's fourth nuclear test in January and a long-range missile launch the following month.

It called for meaures including stricter monitoring of cargo to and from North Korea, bans on money transfer and trade bans on items including coal and gold.

Visa restrictions are another form of control.

Poland and the Mediterranean island of Malta have stopped issuing work visas to North Koreans.

North Korean citizens currently have visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to about 40 countries, including Singapore, Malaysia, Ecuador, and Kyrgyzstan.

Analysts said the new visa requirement will make it more difficult for North Koreans to enter Singapore, which may complicate things for those heading to the country for studies, business or medical treatment.

Mr Andray Abrahamian, the Chosun Exchange's associate director of research, said the new rule will require them to spend more time and money preparing travel documents and application materials.

"As the visa requirements are meant to help comply with sanctions, and none of our participants are designated individuals on any sanctions lists, we do not think visa processing will be a problem," he said.

No projects are at stake as a result of the new ruling, but he admitted it "may affect future plans".

While Singapore serves as a good development model for socialist states like China and North Korea that are keen to develop their market economy, it also "needs to work within international legal structures and behave as a responsible global citizen", said SIM University's East Asia expert Lim Tai Wei.

Singapore's monetary authority imposed new North Korea sanctions on local financial institutions in June, according to lawyer Karnan Thirupathy who advises on international trade and sanctions.

Additional sanctions that apply across the board, he said, would "likely have a more significant and direct impact on Singapore-North Korea relations and business".

North Koreans come to S'pore to study

There are no official figures available on how many North Koreans have entered Singapore in the past.

The Immigration & Checkpoints Authority does not reveal nationality-specific figures.

The Singapore-based Choson Exchange said some 30 North Koreans travelled to Singapore last year to attend programmes organised by the non-profit group.

They included short study trips, workshops, internships and a three-month mini MBA programme that covered finance, accounting and market courses as well as visits to start-up incubators.

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Bukit Brown cemetery gets back its 1920s gates

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The historic 1920s cast-iron gates of Bukit Brown Cemetery have been carefully reinstalled after six months of conservation and refurbishment work.

The gates, perched on gateposts, now boast a shiny coat of black paint, a far cry from their previous state as badly corroded structures caked in layers of rust.

Years of exposure to the elements had resulted in paint deterioration, plant growth and corrosion.

The gates were reinstalled last week following the refurbishment project by a team from Fusion Clad Precision - a contractor hired by the National Heritage Board (NHB).

Fusion Clad Precision's conservation manager Serene Lee said the gates were carefully hoisted onto their old posts at the new location - a new access road near Lorong Halwa.

Ms Lee said other precautions taken included securing the gates with specially designed frames that came with strips of padding before installation.

"The gates were loaded and then off-loaded using an overhead crane vehicle."

The refurbishment was an initiative by a multi-agency work group that the Ministry of National Development chaired.

The group includes the NHB, the Land Transport Authority and civic organisations All Things Bukit Brown and the Singapore Heritage Society (SHS).

The heritage community is glad the gates have been reinstated.

SHS executive committee member Yeo Kang Shua said the structures were among the few historic public gates still standing.

He said: "Gates and doors demarcate and delineate boundaries both physically and conceptually.

"This is a symbolic entry way for Bukit Brown Cemetery, which does not have a fence or boundary wall."

All Things Bukit Brown co-founder Catherine Lim said that while the gates' fresh, new look will take some getting used to, reinstating the structure "is the first step in restoring visitors' sense of arrival".

The whole structure is made up of two cast-iron gates through which cars used to pass, two side gates for pedestrians and four free-standing square columns.

About 20 per cent of the structure has been replaced to fix damage to its structural integrity and functionality.

The NHB said the original structure was likely prefabricated in Britain and shipped to Singapore, while its square columns were cast on the spot.

Bukit Brown Cemetery opened its doors in 1922.

The NHB also uploaded the second video documentary of a three-part series about the refurbishment project on its heritage website Roots.sg on Saturday.

The board said the documentary will provide viewers with a behind-the-scenes look at the steps and techniques used at each stage of the refurbishment process.

NHB's assistant chief executive of policy and community, Mr Alvin Tan, said the refurbishment project is part of NHB's ongoing efforts to safeguard and preserve the country's tangible heritage.

Some parts of Bukit Brown have been razed as the LTA constructs a major eight-lane road through the cemetery to connect the MacRitchie Viaduct to the Adam Flyover.

This project is expected to be completed by the end of next year.


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Gas, taxi towkay out to promote culture

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TransCab boss Teo Kiang Ang was an unlikely bidder for an ink painting by Beijing artist Liu Yanshui at the Singapore Chinese Orchestra's gala dinner and fund-raising concert last October.

Never known to be an art lover, Mr Teo submitted a winning bid of $60,000 for the masterpiece.

The move came as a surprise to many at the evening's event, which raised a total of $1.16 million for the orchestra at the Ritz-Carlton.

"I did it for my friend Chan Kok Hua, a gallery owner and fellow Teochew clansman who had donated the painting," said the businessman, who, apart from his 5,000-strong taxi fleet, also runs Union Energy, which has been distributing bottled gas to homes and industry for more than 40 years now.

The 66-year-old is deeply involved in the Teochew community here.

Just a month ago, he was elected president of Chui Huay Lim, a 170-year-old social club, originally a gentleman's club for the wealthy in the Teochew community.

China-born Mr Teo, who moved to Singapore with his mother from Shantou in Guangdong province when he was 10 to join his bus-conductor and odd-job-labourer father, is emerging as an arts patron of sorts and prominent community leader.

A strong supporter of Teochew opera, he is honorary president of the two oldest troupes here, Er Woo Amateur and Dramatic Association and Thau Yong Amateur Musical Association.

He also now chairs a third troupe, Nam Wah Opera Limited, after donating more than $200,000 to form the company a year ago.

These appointments are on top of his leadership roles in many other Teochew charity groups, grassroots organisations as well as clan associations over the past two decades or so, including as vice-president of the four-year-old Teochew Federation recently.

Last year, he was also appointed to head the cultural group at Ngee Ann Kongsi, a wealthy philanthropic foundation of the Teochew community here.

"It's time I give back to society since my wife and some of my children are now able to help me run my businesses," said Mr Teo, who is married with two sons and five daughters.

For example, his eldest child Hark Piang, 39, executive director of Union Energy, has, together with other siblings, expanded his gas business into other areas recently.

They bought a health supplements company, which is bringing an additional $1 million in revenue each month.

Youngest daughter Yuqing, 17, is a first-year junior college student.

His wife, Ms Tan Lee Tiang, 55, is helping him run TransCab, Singapore's second-largest taxi fleet after ComfortDelGro.

Mr Teo said his firm's revenue was cut by as much as 20 per cent when newcomers Uber and Grab Taxi entered the market recently.

"But we have since recovered and the business has stabilised," said Mr Teo, whose business success is a rags-to-riches story.

His ventures include property and other investments.

An only child, he was forced to drop out of school in Secondary 1 to start work after his father died of tuberculosis in 1966, aged only 37.

He began doing odd jobs at a trading company in town, including cleaning toilets, while his mother worked as a washerwoman and later as a live-in maid with a wealthy family.

He was left alone, living with his maternal grandmother in a village in Hougang before he ran his own business after turning 21.

He first dealt with porcelain and plastic household items before delivering gas cylinders to all corners of Singapore in the early 1970s.

He has never looked back since, steadily building his business empire and becoming the "gas tycoon and taxi towkay" that he is known as today.

"I want to help the needy in society now because I was poor once," said Mr Teo, who is now giving as much as $1 million annually to various charitable causes.

Apart from giving back to society, promoting culture is equally important to the tycoon, who had little formal education.

This is why he has devoted much time and effort to supporting arts and culture groups recently.

"I will beef up the cultural programmes at Chui Huay Lim to stage at least five art exhibitions a year and upgrade the level 2 ballroom to sit up to 1,200 people from the present 800 so that more can gather or enjoy the Teochew opera performances we stage there," he said.

He also hopes to attract more younger members to the club by introducing interesting activities and also modern technology in management.

Similarly, cultural activities at Ngee Ann Kongsi would also be stepped up, he added.

"A good knowledge and appreciation of one's culture is very important because it is where one finds his or her roots and identity," he said.


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Manatee mission

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Two male sea cows from the River Safari set off on a 34-hour voyage to the Caribbean yesterday morning that could help save the rest of their kind.

Kai and Junior, two of the safari's 14 West Indian manatees, were put on a chartered flight to the French territory of Guadeloupe to take part in the world's first manatee repopulation programme.

The marine mammal, known locally in Guadeloupe as the "mother of the water", could once be found in large numbers there.

However, they were over-hunted for their meat and can no longer be found there.

The hope is that Kai and Junior, as well as the 13 other manatees under the programme, could help repopulate the Caribbean region with their offspring, which would be introduced into the wild.

A farewell ceremony for the duo was held at the River Safari yesterday, attended by Mrs Laurence Beau, deputy head of mission from the Embassy of France to Singapore, as well as Mr Mike Barclay, group chief executive of Mandai Park Holdings, which operates the River Safari.

Kai and Junior were selected for the programme as they have reached sexual maturity, according to the River Safari.

Kai is seven years old this year, and Junior is six.

The repopulation project is spearheaded by the National Park of Guadeloupe, and will involve 15 manatees from zoos around the world.

Zoo animals are used for the project as the National Park of Guadeloupe hopes to reduce the impact on wild populations.

Furthermore, animals used to human contact would be easier to manage while under the programme.

The marine mammals will be sent to a 15,000ha bay where they will be protected from marine traffic by way of a no-entry zone.

Mr Barclay said: "Aside from maintaining a healthy living collection to educate and inspire an appreciation for wildlife among our park guests, we are also committed to breeding assurance populations for threatened species and, where possible, reintroducing them back into the wild."

According to the National Geographic, there are three species of manatees - the West Indian manatee, West African manatee and Amazonian manatee - all of which are threatened by extinction.

Although manatees cannot be found in Singapore, their close cousin, the dugong, can.

Both manatees and dugongs are marine grazers - they are herbivores and feed on sea grass, algae and weeds.

Read also: Baby manatee abandoned from birth becomes River Safari animal icon


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Crowdfunding firm fails to make payments

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A number of schemes marketed by little-known crowdfunding company First Asia Alliance for four firms have failed to deliver on payouts promised to investors.

At least eight investors have put in some $665,000 into the four investee firms since May 2013, according to police reports and documents seen by the Straits Times.

The investee firms are Mycofarm Mushroom, engaged in the growing and trading of mushrooms; US Invest (S) that conducts real estate activities; Merx & Co, which is in the wholesale trade of bags, luggage and travel accessories; and Professional Administrative & Support Services (Pass), which offers business and management consultancy services, according to reports from the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (Acra).

Documents showed the investors had been offered monthly returns ranging from 1 to 2.5 per cent for periods of up to six months on their investments.

They told The Straits Times that while they did receive the first few tranches of payments as stated in their contracts, subsequent cheques bounced.

One investor, who wanted to be known only as Ms Lee, said she is still owed a total of $99,250 from her investments in Mycofarm Mushroom, US Invest and Pass.

Ms Lee, who is in her 70s, said she made investments in the first two firms between May and September 2013 totalling $130,000, and that her contracts stated she would receive monthly interest payouts of between 1.25 to 2.5 per cent and the principal sum in full by February 2014.

Most of her investment in US Invest was later "rolled over", or re-invested, into Pass after US Invest could not repay her capital in full, she said.

Ms Lee filed a police report in December 2013, after scheduled payments for one scheme stopped in October that year, and another report in February last year.

She told The Straits Times she made the investments in May 2013, after coming across First Asia Alliance at a trade fair.

After hearing a talk about Mycofarm Mushroom's expansion plans, she visited the farm in Seletar West Farmway with a group of about 20 other people.

Another investor, who wanted to be known only as Mr H.C. Hong, 54, said he was promised quarterly returns of 3.75 per cent for the $100,000 investment he made in Mycofarm Mushroom in July 2013.

But so far, Mr Hong, whose contract stated he would receive his principal sum back in a year, said he has received only about $10,000.

When The Straits Times visited Mycofarm's site in June, there was no sign of activity - just a notice saying the site was state property and reserved for future development.

Visits to the offices of the three other firms also found they were being occupied by other companies.

An investor who wished to be known only as Madam Loke, 76, said she and her sister, 78, paid $85,000 in all to invest in US Invest and Pass, after being introduced to First Asia Alliance by a friend.

She added that she chose to re-invest her capital into similar schemes in Pass when the initial schemes were due as she was receiving interest payments regularly.

But the payments later stopped, and to date, Madam Loke says she has not received her principal sum back.

A police spokesman said it was inappropriate to comment on police investigations, if any.

First Asia Alliance's website has been taken down.

Its Facebook page, last updated on Jan 10, 2014, said it was "one of the pioneers" in the crowdfunding market here.

Acra reports showed that First Asia Alliance's sole shareholder and director Joel Lam owned stakes in at least two of the firms it marketed - Merx and US Invest.

The Straits Times understands that while a bankrupt person is not allowed to act as director of a company, smaller firms, especially those with a single director, are typically given time to nominate a new director or to close down altogether.

When contacted in June, Mr Lam, 51, acknowledged some investors had contacted him over payments, although he did not elaborate on First Asia Alliance and the various payments owed, citing ongoing police investigations.

A check with the Ministry of Law database revealed Mr Lam was declared bankrupt on Jan 29 last year, following an application by Standard Chartered Bank (Singapore) in the previous month.

He remains an undischarged bankrupt as at July 27.

The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) said that First Asia Alliance is not licensed or regulated by the authorities, although it was placed on the MAS Investor Alert List in April.

The MAS in June had introduced a new, tighter licensing regime for crowdfunding platforms, ruling that those which deal with debt and equity have to obtain a licence to operate.

This means that such firms must now apply for a capital markets services licence and, because they deal with retail investors, set aside a capital base of $500,000.

8

At least eight investors have put in $665,000 into the four investee firms since May 2013.

2.5 per cent

The investors had been offered monthly returns ranging from 1 to 2.5 per cent for periods of up to six months on their investments.


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Family firm Risis guards its golden secrets well

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Like the recipe for Coca Cola or Kentucky Fried Chicken's secret sauce, the technique by which home-grown jeweller Risis plates orchids in pure gold is a tightly guarded trade secret.

Only three people know the Risis formula, and Mr Navin Amarasuriya is one of them. The fifth-generation managing director of luxury goods group B.P. de Silva took charge of Risis in September last year.

Known for its orchid-inspired brooches and pendants, Risis was founded in 1976.

Biochemist Lee Kum Tat created the Risis blooms after his wife commented to him during a walk through the Botanic Gardens that she wished orchids could last forever.

"The plating technique has been developed over 40 years," said Mr Navin.

"I'm one of the people that's a guardian of this knowledge and I'll pass it on eventually."

Patents have an expiry date whereupon the formula enters the public domain, which is why Risis has chosen to operate on a trade secret basis, he added.

Mr Navin, 32, joined Risis, which was acquired by B.P. de Silva in 2001, six years ago as a management trainee at his father's behest.

Manufacturing is the heart of the company, said Mr Navin, and his favourite part of the business.

He keeps paper and mould prototypes of various Risis designs in his house as reminders of the production process and the decisions that were made.

"Very few companies go end-to-end and that's what I love about Risis," said Mr Navin, who studied business management and animation.

"Because you control the manufacturing, if people have an idea, all they have to do is to get a couple of concepts and see if we can make it in-house.

"That's something our designers do, something I do, something that some of the manufacturing guys do."

The newly-launched Risis rose gold collection was the result of one such experiment.

Mr Navin said: "It started off as a passion project from one of our designers who always wore pink gold.

"We started up a small pink gold bath, and the first orchids came out.

"They kind of looked a bit red, and it didn't quite work, but the concept was started."

Risis' signature medium is pure 24-karat gold, while rose gold is an alloy of copper, gold, and different materials, which required a new plating method.

The orchids are gathered from a local nursery.

Next year, Mr Navin plans to launch a collection on the themes of transparent supply chains and ethical sourcing.

"I'm looking at how we source our materials, and I'm trying to trace where they're from.

"It's to give consumers an idea of how things are made and how things can be made better," he said, taking inspiration from the fair trade movement.

Today, Risis products are distributed at stores in Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam, with prices starting at $59 for a pair of cast orchid earrings.

Mr Navin also plans to expand into Myanmar and China.

He visits the Risis factory in Johor every two weeks.

How many craftsmen the company has is a secret, as is its revenue.

The firm has chosen to stay private so that numbers like these can be held close to its chest, making it difficult for competitors like Royal Selangor to guess the output.

But the competition is friendly.

Mr Navin said he has good communication with the next-generation leaders at Royal Selangor.

At 143 years old, the B.P. de Silva conglomerate is probably one of the oldest family businesses in Singapore.

"In a way our family is connected through this entity, and each of us enjoys it for different reasons," said Mr Navin, who is the eldest of three children.

His sister runs B.P. de Silva Jewellers, while his brother runs the Clipper Tea company.

His father, a 67-year-old Sri Lankan-turned Singapore citizen, is chairman of the group.

"My father joined at 29, because his father had a stroke, so unfortunately he had no transition period with the previous generation," Mr Navin said.

That's why the patriarch wanted his children to start learning the trade early.

Initially, it was difficult working with his father, said Mr Navin, but he has come to value the elder businessman's wealth of experience: "He's looking at the whole forest whereas you're in between the trees, so he's able to guide you and point out areas of improvement very precisely."


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Asia likely to be thumped by a Trump presidency: Nomura

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Financial services giant Nomura has warned of the potential economic and trade consequences for Singapore if Donald Trump is elected United States president in November.

In its Asia Special Report, Nomura said any increase in trade protectionism globally would likely have a negative impact on the Republic's economic prospects.

It has forecast economic growth for Singapore of 1.1 per cent this year and 0.7 per cent next year.

"Increased global economic uncertainty would exacerbate the impact on domestic investment spending which will add to a deteriorating medium-term outlook," Nomura said in its report.

It also said Singapore's manufacturing and services sectors would be at risk.

A Trump presidency could "bring with it great uncertainty over the direction of the world's largest economy", said Nomura.

It could also lead to the restructuring of trade deals with China and harm Singapore's entrepot status, Nomura pointed out.

Singapore handles trade crossflows to and from China and the US, and Nomura views Mr Trump's protectionist stand as a factor which could dampen Singapore's growth.

The Republic's exposure to the US is substantial as it accounts for about 10 per cent of non-oil domestic exports (Nodx), 5.5 per cent of re-exports and 11 per cent of services exports. In addition, about 14 per cent of both Singapore's re-exports and Nodx also go to China.

Nomura sees a high possibility of Mr Trump pursuing more aggressive trade policies towards China by imposing punitive tariffs on certain Chinese imports, including textiles and steel.

Last year, 16 per cent of China's textiles, 21 per cent of rubber and 13 per cent of base metals were exported to the US.

"Trade frictions could extend to higher value-added products as well, such as mechanical and electrical products, which comprise over 40 per cent of China's total export to the US," Nomura pointed out.

"A Trump presidency may lead to a smaller trade surplus and more capital outflows due to increased trade frictions and geopolitical risks in the region.

However, we believe the impact should be limited as China and the US have more common interests than conflicts in the region."

Nomura noted that China is a major exporter to the US as well as an importer of goods from the US.

About 8 per cent of US goods were destined for China last year.

The mainland may be less vulnerable to external shocks because it is relying more on domestic demand, based on the country's declining trade dependence ratio - from 65 per cent of its gross domestic product in 2005 to 37 per cent of GDP in 2015.

Nomura also warned that Asia would suffer should the US turn more inward-looking.

Home to many of the world's most trade-oriented economies, Asia hosts the world's largest manufacturing workshop.

Regional economies are buttressed by a web of free trade agreements and vertical supply chains.

"If a President Trump were to follow through on his campaign pledges, rising US protectionism would likely be met by retaliatory counter-measures, notably from China," Nomura warned.

Asia, with its cross-country vertical supply chain - and with China at the vanguard as the assembler of finished goods - would be vulnerable to trade disruptions and cost pressures, which could see protectionism spread and multinational companies pull out, it said.

In the worst case, a trade war could fan geopolitical tensions and stymie regional policy co-ordination, leading to major slumps in Asian exports and investment, Nomura stated.

OCBC, in its forecast, said Mr Trump's "loaded posturing on his anti-trade and anti-globalisation platform" could make Asian policy makers fret and financial markets tremble as election day nears.


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Luxasia CEO's 'accidental foray' into beauty business

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Mr Patrick Chong, founder and chief executive officer of fragrance and cosmetics distributor Luxasia, is everything and nothing you would imagine a beauty industry CEO to be.

As the man behind the regional retail of some of the biggest beauty brands - from Guerlain and La Prairie to Burberry and Bvlgari - it is unsurprising that the diminutive man looks much more youthful than his years, which after some prodding, he reveals to be somewhere "in the 60s".


As someone who has spent the past 30 years building a presence in an industry that promotes youth, glamour and beauty, he undoubtedly walks the talk in his sharp suit and with his crisp speech.

But lest you be worried that he might have the resultant stuffy airs of a head honcho, he quickly proves to be anything but. Right off the bat, there are no formalities. Instead of polite small talk, the conversation kicks off with his love of golf and segues into his recent adventures in Penang, spent hunting down the best durians.

In many ways, it seems that surprising people is Mr Chong's forte. After all, despite being a man in what is usually considered a woman's world, he has built an empire in the beauty industry through Luxasia, which this year celebrates three decades and operates in 11 markets regionally - Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Myanmar.

From its first decade spent just distributing fragrances, the business has evolved in a way that has surprised industry players and customers too.


Today, the company not only distributes cosmetics and professional salon products, but also has a retail arm in the two Escentials stores, has signed joint ventures with the likes of the fragrance and beauty arm of French luxury conglomerate Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton (LVMH) and has invested in beauty technology start-ups such as Vanitee, a local app that finds and books beauty services for users.

But perhaps the most surprising thing about Mr Chong's journey is his "very much accidental" foray into the world of beauty - one he says might have never happened if not for a serendipitous switcheroo during his first day on the job at British trading firm Inchcape.

Mr Chong had not intended to work in perfumes and cosmetics, an area that few men ventured into back in 1977, the year he began working.

In fact, the Anglo-Chinese School boy had not wanted to have a conventional office job at all, having long harboured dreams of becoming a commercial pilot .

"I had so desperately wanted to be a pilot, I used to charter planes from Singapore to Malaysia and Thailand while I was a student at the University of Singapore, where I was studying arts," he recalls. "Back then, all I wanted was to chalk up the flying hours I needed to become a pilot one day."

Much to his dismay, those dreams were shot down when he realised post graduation that the national service policy at the time dictated that it was not possible to become a commercial pilot without completing national service.

Left with no other option, he sent out 150 letters for all manner of jobs in banking, trading and marketing and ended up receiving only two offers. He opted for the one which paid more - a marketing executive position at Inchcape, where he was supposed to cover its portfolio of wines and spirits.

However on his first day, his boss informed him that an incumbent leaving the fragrances and cosmetics arm meant Mr Chong would be assigned there instead.

"Thirty years on and with the benefit of hindsight, I can say that I truly have no regrets," he says with a laugh. "It might have been accidental at the start, but if I had to do things all over again, I would choose the beauty industry as my first option."

His success is likely the result of his infinitely curious nature, a trait he says he had as a child.

The youngest of five brothers and an adopted sister, he had a comfortable childhood, growing up in the spacious quarters of the police station on Beach Road, where his father worked as a senior police officer. His mother was a nursing sister.

"I would describe myself as an average student, probably because I was rather easily distracted," he says. "But even though I wasn't very interested in school, I enjoyed learning as a whole. I was definitely a child who was extremely inquisitive and when something piqued my curiosity, I would keep asking questions until I had learnt everything about it."

It was those qualities that served him well during his 21/2 years at Inchcape, where he made the best of his new posting - constantly shooting questions to his colleagues, bosses and clients to try and learn the inner workings of the beauty distribution trade.

Accidental foray into beauty biz

For the first time in his life, he used beauty products himself, starting with a routine of cleansing, toning and moisturising so he could understand first-hand the benefits of beauty products.

"It was my initiation into the business - besides becoming an advocate for the actual products, I was also never shy to ask questions and reconfirm answers whenever I had doubts. I quickly saw the opportunities the industry had and that was something that excited me from the start."

One of the opportunities the forward-thinker saw in the beauty business early on was regionalisation - the idea that one company could distribute a beauty brand in more than one country at the same time.

He harboured dreams of distributing, launching and marketing brands in not only Singapore, but also Malaysia and Indonesia, which at the time was the biggest market in Asia.

Regional distribution was unheard of back then: There were numerous distributors in each country and brand owners - otherwise known as principals - could pick from among many suitors in any country they wanted to launch a product in.

This is no longer the case as over the years, there has been a lot of consolidation. Now countries barely have distributors and only a few principals are operating on their own.

But unfortunately for Mr Chong, he knew that working in an MNC such as Inchcape would not give him the opportunity to realise his idea of starting a regional beauty business. Furthermore, Inchcape did not have the back-up or infrastructure needed for him to operate in Indonesia, which meant he could not raise his ideas with his bosses.

In a moment of serendipity, Mr Chong bumped into a principal twice at an airport in Indonesia while there on a work trip. As the duo chatted for three hours, he shared his idea of a regional beauty distribution platform - one that would allow brands to launch their products in multiple countries at the same time.

To his surprise, a week after the meeting, the principal got in touch with him and said his bosses in Paris were intrigued by the idea and wanted to meet Mr Chong to discuss the possibility of setting up a regional platform.

Just like that, given the perfect melding of opportunity and desire, he found himself leaving Inchcape to set up Cosmetiques de France in 1980, backed by the principals from France. The company, which later became a joint venture with L'Oreal, distributed the French cosmetics giant's brands such as Lancome, Biotherm and Ralph Lauren in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Six years later, in 1986, Luxasia was born, primarily to carry brands that he was prevented from distributing in his first business. Its name reflects the business he started with a partner from Luxembourg. He later sold his stake in Cosmetiques de France in 1997 to L'Oreal.

The initial $500,000 in capital that the duo pumped into Luxasia paid off handsomely when they managed to court Calvin Klein after two years of persuasion and launched Eternity and Obsession. But their big break came when they launched ck one - touted as the world's first unisex perfume - in Singapore in 1995.

Not only was Singapore the first country besides the United States to launch the perfume, but Mr Chong also persuaded 11 department stores here to launch the fragrance simultaneously, a move that was unheard of at the time.

Before that unprecedented move, fragrances were never sold at exclusive counters and were often launched only at a single store where they were restricted to the cosmetics department. He later launched the fragrance similarly in Malaysia and Indonesia.

That one launch became a game changer - an article in The Business Times from September 1996 reported that Luxasia's turnover for the year hit $36 million.

But for Mr Chong, that early partnership was successful for more reasons than just monetary gain. It became the turning point for Luxasia, one that referenced its ability to synergise three different markets.

And the strength of the partnership shows, given that Luxasia continues to distribute Calvin Klein, 30 years on.

Still, Mr Chong's mantra has always been to change, evolve and surprise. After Luxasia turned 10 and with nearly 40 fragrance brands under his belt, he decided to change things up - this time taking on distribution of cosmetics and haircare products, thus moving Luxasia towards a full-spectrum beauty business.


Twenty years in, he switched things up again - this time turning his attention towards developing long-term joint ventures with brand owners to whom Luxasia can lend market expertise. It inked a joint venture with American beauty products manufacturer Coty Inc in 2005 and another in 2011 with the LVMH group covering South-east Asia.

It also started the Escentials retail concept in 2001. The two stores located at Tangs Orchard and Paragon offer exclusive premium brands of cult skincare and fragrances such as Eve Lom, Diptyque, Serge Lutens and Byredo, which are not as readily available in mass market department stores.

This constant transition and evolution is something Mr Chong seems particularly proud of, when asked about what he thinks of the last 30 years in the trade.

"These past three decades have been a constant learning curve for us, especially because brand owners give you one chance and you really have to earn their trust and create value for their products," he says.

"We've gone from being a distributor of choice to a market maker, so for us, it's important to maintain exclusivity and competitive differences among our brands. It's essential that we never misuse any information they provide us with."

Today, the business that started with eight staff in three countries has become a regional beauty brand empire, with more than 2,000 staff in 11 countries and a six-storey, 200,000 sq ft warehouse space in Tai Seng in the Paya Lebar area.

The company also continues to remain privately held, a decision Mr Chong is confident about as it has allowed him to grow the business at his own pace - even when entering more volatile markets such as China and India.

And even though two of his three children work in the business alongside him - his son Alwyn, 37, manages Escentials and oversees their Philippine, China and Thai operations and his daughter, Sabrina, 34, is the head of corporate development - the open-minded man who is married to an opthamologist, Swee Heng, says that the business will always be left to the best man for the job.

His youngest daughter is a doctor and is uninvolved in the business.

His meritocratic direction for the company is something his daughter Sabrina agrees with.

The lawyer, who joined the family business four years ago, says of her father: "He is a fantastic boss and I'm proud to say that our business is family-owned, but professionally run.


"As someone who teaches through actions and not words, I consider myself very lucky to be able to work with my dad. Not many people get a chance to see an entrepreneurial spirit at work, so I consider myself very lucky to experience that first-hand."


This article was first published on August 8, 2016.
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Nerves get the better of Singapore shooter Teo at Olympics

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Nothing it seems, can prepare someone for the pressure of competing at the Olympic Games, as national shooter Teo Shun Xie found out to her cost yesterday.

The 28-year-old may be the reigning Commonwealth Games and SEA Games champion in the women's 10m air pistol but suffered a case of stage fright in the same event at the Rio Games.

She compiled scores of 93, 95, 91, 96 during the qualifying round for a total of 375 - far behind her personal best of 385 - and finished 37th of 44 participants at the National Shooting Centre.

Russian Vitalina Batsarashkina was the top qualifier with a 390 score, while in eighth position was Spain's Sonia Franquet (384).

The top eight shooters progressed to the final, which Teo would have done if she had matched her PB.

Such was the standard of competition that 18 shooters scored 380 or higher. When Teo won her Commonwealth and SEA golds, her qualifying score was 377 and 378 respectively.

At April's ISSF World Cup Rio leg at the same venue as yesterday's contest, Teo shot a 384 in qualifying en route to a bronze.

Wearing a rueful smile, the Olympic debutante admitted afterwards that the tension simply got the better of her yesterday morning.

"I guess you can call it Olympic nerves.

"The environment here is really intense, everyone is shooting well and the standard is very high.

"I didn't handle my nerves well today and made some mistakes.

"At the end, things started to steady down but it was too late.

"I'll learn from this and try my best not to repeat it for the 25m (pistol, her other event scheduled for tomorrow)."

In a sport that requires patience and zen-like stillness, demanding perfection for 40 shots in 50 minutes, the manifestation of Teo's anxieties took on several forms.

It normally takes her six to seven seconds to fire each of her allocated 40 bullets at the target but she was taking longer to aim.

Her grip became tighter as the weapon shook harder in her hand from the delay.

The warning signs were clearly evident early on as her coach Zhen Tingling, sitting behind Teo's Lane 28, called a time-out after the Singaporean's sixth shot and tried unsuccessfully to calm her down.

Curiously, there was no sign of jitters leading up to the competition, Teo noted.

She had gone to bed at her usual time of 9pm the night before and slept peacefully, unlike her team-mate Jasmine Ser, who had a fitful night before her 10m air rifle event on Saturday.

During the 15 minute pre-shoot warm-up and sighting, nothing seemed amiss for Teo.

"I felt fine, my sighting was good.

"But the moment they said start, everything suddenly didn't feel good and I couldn't really control myself."

What an athlete can control though, is the quest to get better.

Even as China's Zhang Mengxue (with an Olympic final record of 199.4) was celebrating her gold medal in the specially-created final hall next door, Teo was back practising at the 25m outdoor range.

"I know not every competition will be smooth sailing.

"All I can do is learn from my mistakes and prepare as much as I can."


This article was first published on August 8, 2016.
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'One-eyed Dragon' accomplice pleads guilty

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A man who helped one of Singapore's most notorious gangsters flee the country after a gangland-style shooting of a nightclub owner was yesterday found guilty - a decade after the crime.

On Feb 15, 2006, Tan Chor Jin, dubbed the"One-eyed Dragon"as he was blind in one eye, sparked an international manhunt after he repeatedly shot Mr Lim Hock Soon in his Serangoon Avenue 4 flat.

Malaysian Ho Yueh Keong, who had fetched Tan from the Woodlands Checkpoint the day before the shooting, took him back the same way about an hour after the killing.

Tan was nabbed 10 days later in a Kuala Lumpur hotel. He was found guilty of discharging a firearm and hanged in 2009 at the age of 42.

But Ho remained at large for nine years and was caught only when he tried to leave Malaysia for Batam. He was extradited in July last year.

Yesterday, Ho, now 43, stood upright in the dock and listened intently to a Mandarin interpreter as Deputy Public Prosecutor Tan Wen Hsien read out the facts of the case before District Judge Tan Jen Tse.

Handcuffed, shackled and wearing prison attire - a white T-shirt and brown trousers - he pleaded guilty to one charge of harbouring a fugitive. Another count of concealing information about the murder will be considered when he is sentenced tomorrow.

Tan, better known as Tony Kia to his associates, was part of the Ang Soon Tong gang which operated in both Malaysia and Singapore. It was notorious for gun-smuggling, drugs, illegal moneylending and illegal gambling. Tan often hired Ho, also known as "Moh Tang", to drive him from Malaysia to Singapore. Ho would be paid $50 to $100.

Read also:  20 crimes that have shaken Singapore since 1965

In late 2005, Tan bought a Beretta pistol. He told Ho in January 2006 that he wanted to kill Mr Lim.

On Feb 14, 2006, Tan asked Ho to drive him from Malaysia to Singapore in a Malaysian-registered dark blue Kia car. Tan said he might meet Mr Lim, but did not say why. They spent the night in a flat at Block 515 in Hougang.

The next day, Tan fired six rounds from his pistol into Mr Lim at his flat at about 7am, after he had made Mr Lim tie up his wife, maid and teenage daughter. Five bullets hit Mr Lim. Tan then returned to Hougang, woke Ho up and asked him to drive him back to Malaysia.

While in the car, Tan told someone over the phone that he had killed Mr Lim. Ho asked Tan if he really did so. Tan admitted to the murder and said he threw the pistol into a river.

Ho drove Tan into Malaysia at about 8.20am and they headed for Ho's home in Larkin, Johor Baru. He later drove Tan to Penang in the latter's BMW before they headed back to Muar in Johor. Tan gave him RM500 before they separated.

A few days later, Ho called Tan to say he wished to surrender, but Tan told him not to do so and he obeyed.

For harbouring a person who committed a crime punishable with death, Ho faces up to five years' jail and a fine.

The maximum penalty for not giving information about a crime is six months' jail and a fine.


This article was first published on Aug 9, 2016.
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War relic found on Singapore sand barge

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Unexploded 2m-long ordnance discovered three weeks ago finally deemed safe to handle

For three weeks now, crew on board a Singapore barge carrying sand for land reclamation have lived in fear of their accidental cargo - an unexploded 2m-long ordnance.

It was only yesterday morning that the war relic was finally assessed by experts to be safe to handle. This means that a private firm will now dispose of it.

The piece of ordnance is said to have been carried over from Vietnam, which supplied the sand. It was found on board the vessel KNB 1, a delivery barge that loads sand from another vessel before discharging it at the reclamation site.

While the barge was discharging the sand, the war relic was discovered as it became caught between the hatch and a conveyor belt that carried the sand, a source said.

The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) and the Police Coast Guard were alerted to the incident on July 18. MPA said: "A safety zone was immediately established around the site of the barge."

The vessel, with the registration number SR 3498C, is involved in the land reclamation project for a new port terminal in Tuas.

On the advice of the Singapore Armed Forces Explosive Ordnance Disposal team, the barge was subsequently moved from the reclamation site to Sudong Explosive Anchorage, said MPA. The site is a designated anchorage for the loading or discharging of dangerous goods.

It is believed that in the past three weeks, ordnance disposal experts from the military and a private consultancy have made repeated trips to the barge anchored off Pulau Sudong. The barge is about 40 minutes away by boat from West Coast Pier.

"As the war relic is buried under sand materials on board the barge, time is needed to carefully remove the materials first," said an MPA spokesman.

Yesterday's green light for removing the war relic means relief could come soon for the crew of seven, who have been on board for the past three weeks.

"It has been three weeks. Why did they not evacuate us? I fear my life is still in danger," said a crew member.

The barge is chartered by Starhigh Asia Pacific, which specialises in sand supply. It could not reply to The Straits Times by press time on why the crew remained on board.

Weapons and equipment editor Kelvin Wong of military publication IHS Jane's said the typical procedure would be to clear civilians from the immediate area around the unexploded ordnance. He said: "While the authorities may have ascertained that the bomb is a dud, safety protocols would likely require the evacuation of civilians from the area, especially if the disposal experts are in the process of disarming or removing the weapon."

He said that if the bomb was from the Vietnam War, it was likely to be a free-fall explosive. Such bombs are usually triggered by a fuse, timer or by impact, Mr Wong said.

adrianl@sph.com.sg

Additional reporting by Melody Zaccheus


This article was first published on Aug 9, 2016.
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Tuesday, August 9, 2016 - 16:00
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